Twitter introduces Promoted Trends and Promoted Tweets. The first Promoted Trend is Disney’s Toy Story 3. Virgin America, Starbucks and Bravo also pay for promotional placement. 2011 US internet advertising revenue reaches $7.68 billion in the second quarter (24% increase from the second quarter of 2010). Digital video ads account for just 6% of all internet ad revenue in first half of 2011, but effectiveness leads to growth of in-stream advertising, such as TV advertising. Ad-blocking software debuts. Mozilla announces that its Firefox web browser will include ad-blocking capability. Microsoft Internet Explorer, Apple Safari, and Google Chrome browsers follow suit. 42% of US households now own a DVR, with primary purpose of skipping TV ads. 2014 Ad-bots create “fake traffic”. Study finds that advertisers spend “billions of dollars on online ads that real consumers never see” because of automated ad counters, or ad bots. Bots create “fake traffic”, which undermines reliability of publishers’ audience metrics. 2015