users of ARPANET. Draws sharp criticism from the connected community but generates sales among the target audience, in Southern California. 1979 English inventor Michael Aldrich, working for Redifon Computers, creates R1800/30 Compact Office System. The Times reports it enables users to “place orders for goods, obtain information, and undertake programmed learning courses.” Aldrich touts the “place orders for goods” part, and claims to have originated ecommerce. 1981 IBM rolls out first integrated-component personal-computer system, takes ownership of the acronym “PC”. The 5150 computer includes a monitor, stand-alone keyboard, printer and paper stand. Also this year, Thomson Holidays UK installs first B2B online shopping systems. 1982 France Telecom introduces nationwide online-ordering system, Minitel. Ecommerce is becoming a thing.